Liquid sloshing in cylindrical fuel tanks

Abstract

Results are presented on asymmetric sloshing in partially filled circular, cylindrical tanks subjected to horizontal, periodic forcing, as well as on geyser formation and following sloshing caused by a sudden change in Bond number. Asymmetric sloshing is controlled by three parameters that are the liquid depth parameter, the frequency offset parameter (depending on forcing frequency and forcing amplitude), and the damping. Results are presented that cover a wide range of forcing frequencies and forcing amplitudes in the asymptotic limit of large fluid depth and low viscosity liquids. Geyser formation and axisymmetric sloshing is initiated by dam-break experiments, simulating a sudden change in Bond number. This problem is encountered in liquid-propellant fuel tanks where under microgravity conditions, the liquid rises near the container wall. Engine restart (sudden axial acceleration) can cause geyser formation followed by violent liquid sloshing and gas entrainment.