Progress in Flight Physics Volume 9

Volume presentation

The book contains twenty-six papers selected from the ninety-nine papers presented in the Flight Physics sessions at EUCASS 2015 in Krakow, Poland. These papers were reviewed by experts, revised and throughly edited to provide state-of-the-art knowledge in their respective fields. The book is organized into six chapters: (1) Aerodynamics; (2) Experimental Methods; (3) Flow Control; (4) Nonequilibrium and Rarefield Flows; (5) Shock Waves; and (6) Stability, Transition, and Turbulence. The volume was prepared as a reference for research scientists and practicing engineers in the field of flight physics.

EUCASS: The Association

The European Conference for Aero-Space Sciences, EUCASS (www.eucass.eu) is a nonprofit international association established in Belgium. It was founded in July 2006 to stimulate the development of pure and applied aerospace sciences in Europe. The purposes of EUCASS are scientific, technical, and educational. The association focuses on forefront science and cutting-edge technologies. It is at the service of Academia, Industry, Agencies, and other decision makers, by fostering communication and cooperation among them in order to reduce the time to the market for innovations. The association helps young scientists to find internships outside their countries of origin and supplies information on mobility and job opportunities. Last, it promotes a much-needed dialog between researchers and the governing bodies of Europe.

The base of EUCASS is the European Continent, Russia included. Members from all other countries are welcome. Today, the association counts in excess of 600 members from over 30 different countries. It is a member of the International Astronautical Association (IAF) and is partnering with European disciplinary associations ECCOMAS, ERCOFTAC, EUROMECH, EUROTURBO, and CEAS, the Council of European Aerospace Societies.

Among its notable activities, the EUCASS team has already organized six major first-ever conferences each attended by over 500 participants:

• Moscow (July 2005) co-organized by ONERA and TsAGI with partial operational support from AAAF and the Russian Academy of Sciences;
• Brussels (July 2007) co-organized by ULB and VKI;
• Versailles (July 2009) organized by the ASTECH Cluster;
• St. Petersburg (July 2011) jointly organized by TORUS PRESS and N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
• Munich (July 2013) co-organized by Technical University Munich and Astrium;
• Krakow (June-July 2015) co-organized by Polish Space Agency and Carte Blanche.

Each conference included several parallel symposia, such as System Integration, Flight Physics, Flight Dynamics, Structures and Materials, and Propulsion Physics. In the organization of the above conferences, great attention was always paid to transdisciplinarity and to cross-fertilization between activities and between applications of any given technology to space and to aeronautics.

EUCASS has also launched high-level Aerospace Thematic Workshops dedicated to fundamental topics of promising potential for aerospace applications. The series on "Fundamentals of Flow and combustion control by plasmas" was started in 2007 at Varenna, Italy, followed in 2009 and 2011 at Les Houches Physics School in France, then Aussois (2013) and Les Houches (2015). The sixth was completed in Pushkin, Russia, in 2017. A new and exciting series on "Collisions of fast particles with surfaces" started in Aussois in 2016.

The association's mission is not limited to organizing its biennial conferences and workshops. One of its fundamental tasks is also to publish high-quality monographs in the form of Book Series compiling the best scientific works presented. Since 2007, it has been partnering with TORUS PRESS for these proceedings; it also encourages authors to submit their regular articles to the wellestablished Acta Astronautica and Journal of Aerospace Engineering Part G of SAGE Publications Ltd.

EUCASS Honorary President
Jean-Pierre Taran

Editors

Doyle Knight, Distinguished Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers — The State University of New Jersey. He is a graduate of Occidental College and the California Institute of Technology in Physics (BA) and Aeronautics (BS). He received his MS and PhD from the California Institute of Technology in Aeronautics. His research interest is computational gas dynamics with applications to high-speed flows and flow control, and design optimization. He has published more than 100 journal papers and nearly 200 conference papers.

Yevgeniy Bondar, Deputy Director of Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ITAM) and Head of the Computational Aerodynamics Laboratory of ITAM. He is a graduate of the Department of Mechanics and Mathematics of Novosibirsk State University, Russia, from where he also received his MS in applied mathematics and computer science. He received his PhD in mechanics of fluid, gas, and plasma from ITAM. His main research interest is computational rarefied gasdynamics with application to high-enthalpy nonequilibrium flows.

Igor Lipatov, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Theoretical Department of TsAGI. He is a graduate of Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Aeronautical Department). He received his PhD degree from TsAGI on flows with mass transfer and Doctoral Thesis on unsteady processes of viscous-inviscid interaction. His main research area is supersonic viscous gas flows. He has published more than 100 conference papers and journal publications. He has four times received the National Zhukovsky Prize for the best research work in aeronautics. In 2011, he was elected as Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Philippe Reijasse, Deputy Director of the Fundamental and Experimental Aerodynamics Department of ONERA. He is a graduate of Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile (ESTACA) at Paris, France. He received his PhD from the University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie at Paris, France. His main research interest is fluid mechanics of compressible flows (in particular, shock waves and flow separation in propulsion systems, nozzle unsteady aerodynamics, transonic and supersonic base flows).

Preface

The EUropean Conference for Aero-Space Sciences (EUCASS) is organized into five main areas, each represented by its respective Technical Committee:

1. Flight Dynamics, GNC, and Avionics;
2. Flight Physics;
3. Propulsion Physics;
4. Structures and Materials; and
5. Systems Integration.

Each Technical Committee organizes sessions at the biannual EUCASS conference. Abstracts are solicited from research scientists and engineers worldwide and reviewed by the Technical Committees in consideration for oral presentation at the EUCASS conference and publication of the full paper in the EUCASS conference proceedings.

The Flight Physics sessions at the EUCASS 2015 conference comprised sixteen sessions and ninety-nine written papers. A subset of approximately onefourth of these papers were selected by the Flight Physics Technical Committee for external review, revision by the author(s), and publication in this bound volume. These papers therefore represent scientific contributions of the highest quality and impact on their respective communities.

The Flight Physics Technical Committee is pleased to present this volume containing six chapters covering experimental, theoretical, and numerical aspects of Flight physics. The chapters are organized alphabetically into (i) Aerodynamics; (ii) Experimental Methods; (iii) Flow Control; (iν) Nonequilibrium and Rarefied Flows; (ν) Shock Waves; and (νi) Stability, Transition and Turbulence.

Acknowledgments

The Flight Physics Technical Committee gratefully acknowledges the support of Mr. Marek Banaszkiewicz, President of the Polish Space Agency and Chairperson of the Local Organization Committee; Carte Blanche; and EUCASS, conference organizers; E-C Aero, ONERA, Polish Ministry of Economy, Polish Space Agency, TsAGI (Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute named after N. E. Zhukovsky), and the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics. The Committee also expresses its deep appreciation for the EUCASS 2015 conference sponsors (in alphabetical order): Airbus Group, CNES, ESA, Safran Herakles, Thales Alenia Space, and United Technologies.

The Flight Physics Technical Committee also gratefully acknowledges the efforts of the reviewers of the papers published in this volume. They are:

George Barakos (University of Liverpool), Gérald Carrier (ONERA), Grégoire Casalis (ISAE), Laurent Dala (University of Pretoria, South Africa), Sébastien Deck (ONERA), Ivan Egorov (TsAGI), Greg Elliott (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Hermann Fasel (University of Arizona), Sergey Gimelshein (Project NMSET, U.S.), Yuriy Gorbachev (Coddan Technologies LLC, Russia), Frédéric Grisch (CORIA), Alexander Kashkovsky (ITAM SB RAS), Vladislav Khlebnikov (TsAGI), Dmitry Khotyanovsky (ITAM SB RAS), Andrey Kiselev (TsAGI), Viktor Kopiev (TsAGI), Alexey Kudryavtsev (IT AM SB RAS), Aleksandr Kurjachij (TsAGI), Mikhail Kuznetsov (Moscow Region State University), Annie Leroy (Université d'Orléans), Vladimir Markov (Moscow State University), Anatoly Maslov (ITAM SB RAS), Jean-Michel Most (ENSMA), Francesco Nasuti (University of Roma "La Sapienza"), Pavel Polivanov (ITAM SB RAS), Boris Postnikov (ITAM SB RAS), Rolf Radespiel (TU Braunschweig), Philippe Reijasse (ONERA), Jean Christophe Robinet (ENSMA), Francois Rogier (ONERA), Yves Le Sant (ONERA), Vladimir Shalaev (Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology), Alexander Shevyrin (ITAM SB RAS), Georgy Shoev (ITAM SB RAS), Denis Sipp (ONERA), Marilyn Smith (Georgia Tech), Louis Souverein (Airbus Defence & Space), Maksim Timokhin (Moscow State University), Renat Tugazakov (TsAGI), and Hong Yan (Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an).

The EUCASS 2015 Flight Physics Volume is the outcome of the efforts of many dedicated individuals including the conference organizers and sponsors, authors, reviewers, and the staff of TORUS PRESS. We extend our deepest appreciation to all.

On behalf of the EUCASS Flight Physics Technical Committee,
Doyle Knight
New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, April 2017